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Rationale for Strength and Skill Goals in Tongue Resistance Training: A Review

Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University of Toronto
Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Gemma L. Bailey

Speech-Language Pathologist, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute
Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Sonja M. Molfenter

Toronto Rehabilitation Institute
Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Erin M. Yeates

Toronto Rehabilitation Institute
Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Recent evidence in the dysphagia literature shows that tongue resistance training can be used to improve tongue strength. In this review article, we summarize what is known about the tongue and its role in swallowing. We review the literature on tongue pressure generation capacity (strength) and response to tongue resistance exercises. Tongue skill is introduced as a possible alternate goal in tongue resistance training, based on consideration of related literature regarding neural adaptation and improvements in motor performance resulting from treatment approaches in which goal-oriented practice and performance-specific feedback are provided.