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Frailty, Functional Reserve, and Sarcopenia in the Geriatric Dysphagic Patient

Audiology/Speech Pathology Service, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System
Ann Arbor, MI

In this review the interaction of senescence and dysphagia are discussed with attention to normal changes in bodily homeostasis that occur with aging and the acceleration of decline observed in frail individuals. The concepts of functional reserve, symmorphosis and sarcopenia are discussed in a way to aid the speech-language pathologist providing dysphagia services to the elderly. It is important for the practicing speech-language pathologist to realize the vital importance of compromised functional reserve and to be able to identify elders who are at risk of the spiral of poor nutrition and frailty as they present themselves in daily clinical practice.